At the moment, when you launch the app, entries in your journal all look the same. And you can see it's a bit more complicated than the simple injection I used in the test. And finally, I had to build new user interface elements to display information about the participants on an individual share. CloudKit prefixes your entities with CD to distinguish them from traditional CloudKit records. They build on Apples notification infrastructure to allow various clients to get push notifications when certain CloudKit changes occur. with the CloudKit server in the container associated. On Apple platforms, there are a number of ways we can share the data our applications create. In this session, I'll show you how to easily build applications that use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to share data with multiple iCloud users. We've enabled adoption of encrypted values. Open CoreDataStack.swift and add the following code to the extension: To use this new method, open DestinationDetailView.swift. the main reason the SharingProvider exists: testing. Heres Apples sample project on Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. Using canUpdateRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) and canDeleteRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) on persistentContainer, adjust the view logic so it considers permissions. First, update your container type to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. I am not going to get very fancy in my example; I am using the modified field to declare that the most recent update wins. Next, I'll tap Mail and invite Jermaine and Mary. CloudKit: For managing structured data and sharing data among users. Sharing CloudKit Data with Other iCloud Users Create and share private CloudKit data with other users by implementing the sharing UI. The CKFetchRecordsOperation operates on one or more records at a time. When you app is opened with such a link, then you can download the CKRecord and you will have the file in a CKAsset. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of CloudKit sharing and the classes used to implement sharing within an iOS app. I and, if allowed, other participants can add. Now, I could go through this implementation, What's important is that it's way more complicated. When the recipient taps on the share link, the app (if installed) will be launched and provided with the shared record information ready to be displayed. Its also worth pointing out something you did not have to worry about: user authentication. Users may not be signed in, they may have disabled CloudKit for the app, they may be in airplane modethe list of exceptions goes on. It is important to be aware that this fetch operation must be executed on the shared cloud database instance of the app instead of the recipients private database. Last, if the current user of that share is the owner, returns. a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. Using a single managed object context, my application can access data in both stores. Clash between mismath's \C and babel with russian. Now that you have the method to perform the share, you need to present the CloudSharingView when you tap the Share button. Save the changes. I'll open the CoreDataCloudKitDemo managed object model, and there's a specific property on the post entity I want to show you called location. When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:) gets executed. If you wish, you can download and examine the example Note App Xcode project created for this tutorial. Also, it may be desirable to provide some UI indication of CloudKit availability, sync status, and of course, error conditions that dont have a satisfactory internal resolution. Kodeco requires JavaScript. At its Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) 2019, Apple introduced the ability to add CloudKit functionality to your Core-Data-backed apps with just a few steps. Enter a topic above and jump straight to the good stuff. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Build and run again. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. If a match returns, this object is already shared. At this point, if you shared the invitation via text message, open Messages and tap the invitation. Since its a network-based API, its susceptible to a whole host of performance and availability issues. Please enable JavaScript to enjoy the best experience. Now, on Heather's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device as well. Another user will see a different set of zones. Xcode prefixes the container name with iCloud. Photos implements a system control here in the lower left that allows me to call up an Action sheet. And now I can see the new post. So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's initializeSchema method to ensure that all your fields are present and correctly typed before deploying your schema to production. this new Allows Cloud Encryption checkbox. with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. Ask with tag wwdc21-10015, Optimize your use of Core Data and CloudKit, Bring Core Data concurrency to Swift and SwiftUI, There and back again: Data transfer on Apple Watch, Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. Last, head to the CloudKit Console so you can verify your data. Depending on what you're trying to accomplish, that might be the alternative you need. Learn SwiftUI and take your iOS Development to the Next LevelSwiftUI Essentials iOS 16 Edition book is now available in Print ($39.99) and eBook ($29.99) editions. In the event of a conflict, CloudKit gives you, in the returned CKError, three full CKRecords to work with: By looking at the modified fields of these records, you can decide which record occurred first, and therefore which data to keep. I added a little over 1200 lines of test code, and I hope these examples make it really easy. The solution is in CloudSharingController.swift. Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data Learn how to easily build apps that share data between multiple iCloud users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. You could use the recordId for this. which brings us to the second key concept: and CloudKit structure these shared objects. Once the CloudKit schema is pushed to production, we can't change any of the field types. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. and the other using the .shared database scope. Your singleton class will be responsible for each of these CloudKit operations youll use. How might we build an experience like this? I simply give the new album a title and then tap Next to choose the set of participants. whether or not to convert the title of a post. If I tap on it, I can also see the participants displayed at the bottom of the detail view controller with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. Download iOS 15.0+ iPadOS 15.0+ Xcode 13.4+ watchOS 8.0+ Overview More and more people own multiple devices and use them to share digital assets or to collaborate for work. Here in Xcode, I've opened our sample application, Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. for you to build tests in your own applications. To change the permissions and access to this data, Apple has done all the heavy lifting for you. When the app opens, the userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith method is called on the app delegate class: When this method is called it is passed a CKShareMetadata object containing information about the share. For this example, youll use CKAsset to store the note text. CloudKit sharing provides a way for records contained within a private database to be shared with other app users, entirely at the discretion of the owner of that database. Notice the role and permission for each user. If its not shared, create the share from the destination object. to communicate these states and privileges. before deploying your schema to production. provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. depending on whether or not they are the owner of those zones. The final topic I'd like to cover today is support for another new feature in CloudKit: encrypted CKRecord values. The owner is the iCloud account that actually owns an object. Owners create and share objects with a set of participants. From the home screen, open Settings. share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) is a new method designed to pair directly with UICloudSharingController. I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to create the share. in a way that facilitates this type of injection. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects. Tap the shared object to go to the detail screen. designed to pair directly with UICloudSharingController. fetchShares(matching objectIDs:) is new in iOS 15 and allows me to get the CKShare for a specific post. The CKShare object may also be configured with title and icon information to be included in the share link message. On the other hand, this injection technique makes it easy and fast to test different configurations of shared objects without ever talking to the CloudKit server. Discover how to create informative experiences around shared data and learn about the CloudKit technologies that support these features in Core Data. The SharingProvider has methods for binding. to present information about shared objects. With the introduction of CloudKit sharing it is now possible for individual app users to share private database records with other users. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. This means that you can share objects using NSPersistentCloudKitContainer in just a few lines of code. and how that affects the types of experiences you can build. New in iOS 15 is acceptShareInvitations(from:into:completion:). When you create a destination, the data is being persisted via Core Data locally in your app. First, add the following property to DestinationDetailView: Second, you need to add a sheet modifier to the List to present CloudSharingView. It checks databaseScope and determines whether its private or shared. Open CoreDataStack.swift. Then, select the CloudKit checkbox to enable the feature. Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects, that it identifies as shared or not shared. to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to support sharing. Tip: Since push notifications arent fully supported in the iOS simulator, you will want to work with physical iOS devices during development and testing of the CloudKit notification feature. However, network conditions and performance constraints can cause individual notifications to be dropped, or multiple notifications to intentionally coalesce into a single client notification. As you prepare to present your CloudSharingView, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a CKContainer. CloudKit operations provide superior control over the details of how CloudKit does its work and, perhaps more importantly, really force the developer to think carefully about network behaviors central to everything CloudKit does. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. To achieve this, youll implement fetchShares(matching:). Sharing with one other person is interesting, Each of these participants will be able to access. To complete the demo, I had to make two other changes. The first step does a one-time setup in preparation for writing the record, and the second step passes the assembled record down to the singleton CloudKitNoteDatabase class. CloudKit provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows you to implement collaborative features of your app without much effort. These are all the changes I had to make for my first demo, but my application also needs to effectively communicate what objects are shared, who they're shared with, and what those participants can do. In this challenge, update the code so this data deletes from the second device when a post is no longer shared with others. Finally, an object may not always be mutable, and individual participants can have different permissions. The only way to distinguish the private records versus shared records is to tap the detail and view the role in the participants list. I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description--, here just a copy of the one for the .private store, Then, I set its CloudKit container options, to be configured to mirror persistent stores, I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:). Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. The convenience API is much more accessible, while the operation approach can be a bit intimidating. CloudKit supports both structured and bulk data. I can see my new album with the photo I shared. In addition to this, you set databaseScope to .shared. based on the relationship they have to other objects. However, you can get more functionality if you use a custom zone, most notably, support for fetching incremental record changes. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones and automatically assigns records to them. The end goal is not only to display shared entries but also to get information about the people participating in the share. At the top level is CKContainer, which encapsulates a set of related CloudKit data. CloudKit is built on top of Apples iCloud service. In Core Data, we think of our objects in terms of NSManagedObject. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. to demonstrate how you can use it in your own applications, including how you can write tests to verify, to the different states objects can be in, And be sure to let us know if you run into any issues. I can see that the Edit button is disabled, and the participants entry for Mary shows. Ill focus on an iOS application, but the same approach can be used for macOS clients as well. Basic CloudKit Setup CloudKit organizes data via a hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord. We can see here that Jermaine is the owner. In this simple Note application, with a single user switching between devices, youre not likely to see too many conflicts in a live concurrency sense. Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, Unity, and more! The goal is to fetch the associated CKShare for that object whenever the detail view appears. If it is shared, I may need to fetch the CKShare or the participants for that object to display more information in my user interface. that I've added to bring up the sharing controller. Within this handler, the CKShare object must be created and saved as outlined in the previous section. You see a travel journal screen with an empty state message and a button. This is a thorny problem with many gotchas and pitfalls, but users expect the feature and expect it to work well. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. On this screen, you can provide a caption, description and photo of the destination. Once set up, operations are passed to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread. With this code in place, build and run on your second device. CloudKit sharing allows records stored within a private CloudKit database to be shared with other app users at the discretion of the record owner. Within this container, youre going to use the private database (because you want the users note to be seen only by that user) and within the private database, youre going to use a custom record zone, which enables notification of specific record changes. At what point of what we watch as the MCU movies the branching started? Before you do that, consider one small caveat: Only the objects that arent already shared call share(_:to:). 2 Reviews. But you can also tell share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) to store objects in a specific shared zone by passing it a non-nil CKShare. So let's take a look at exactly how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer shares objects. The final step is to set the cloudKitContainerOptions property for the sharedStoreDescription you created. I simply added a button action to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController. Customizations like this necessarily require. Search for jobs related to Cloudkit share data between users or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 21m+ jobs. Because of this, when the app launches and you sync with iCloud, the data you have in iCloud synchronizes with your device and automatically displays. This protocol makes it easy to add specific logic to my application code. I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. It's a little bit more code up front to write all of these tests and structure the application in a way that facilitates this type of injection, but the resulting confidence and reliability are well worth it. If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. Subscriptions are one of the most valuable CloudKit features. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote for the MainViewController to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate if a post is shared. A participant is any other iCloud account that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. Download iOS 13.0+ iPadOS 13.0+ Xcode 13.0+ Mac Catalyst 13.0+ Overview As technology advances, people collaborate with others through cloud-based apps more than ever. Now, youll resolve this error. Specify record type as CD_Destination. With sharing, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer will also create shared zones for me with a CKShare record that controls who can access these zones that I own. I'm going to start by launching my application on Jermaine's device and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner to create a new post. The app designer is always in the best position to define rules for these situations, which can include everything from context-aware automatic merging to user-directed resolution instructions. Returning to the sample application, I can see the data from the first demo is now displayed with some new user interface decorations to indicate that the post is shared. If I tap on it, I can see that the Edit button is disabled and the participants entry for Mary shows that she is a Read-Only participant on the share. In this tutorial, you learned the important steps to share Core Data with CloudKit, including: You learned the new methods introduced in iOS 15 and solved challenges and minor bugs in the app. In fact, in a sense, youre recreating the convenience APIs. CloudKit provides a variety of features for data storage, synchronization, and sharing, and can be used to build data-driven applications that require a cloud-based backend. We'll show you how to encourage collaboration between people using your app and support those interactions with Apple frameworks. for the view controller, completing the injection. If you attempt to select record type as CD_Destination and query records from here, you receive an error stating Field recordName isnt marked queryable. It brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge. Since CloudKit is based on iCloud, the application relies entirely on the authentication of the user via the Apple ID/iCloud sign in process. Jordan's line about intimate parties in The Great Gatsby? The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy to test these decision points by injection. In Record Zone Sharing, shared CKRecords are contained inside a shared CKRecordZone. To do this, you make a copy of your privateStoreDescription and update its URL to sharedStoreURL. Next, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment: This code adds your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the container. Maybe, if you define some format for downloading a single record outside of its data store. Below the Data section, click Records. Build and run. It has a wide variety of actions I can take. Every app automatically gets a default CKContainer, and a group of apps can share a custom CKContainer if permission settings allow. Our example use case is a simple note application with just a single note, for illustration purposes. Each of these participants will be able to access and operate on the objects I share with them. A user of an app could, for example, make one or more records accessible to other users so that they can view and, optionally, modify the record. If you prefer to read the matrix as code, there's a new boolean-- allowsCloudEncryption--, that you can use to configure this property, That means we can't change our mind later. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. If I select the location attribute, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector on the right. This is the default database that data gets written to. you're probably familiar with hierarchical sharing, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses a new feature in CloudKit, called Record Zone Sharing, covered in more detail, But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Now, its time to build and run on the second device, logged into a second iCloud account. Amazing! In this example, theres just the one record, but for future expandability, this is a great potential performance benefit. Lifting for you iCloud users create and share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists share private records... Into: completion: ) is a CKContainer hope these examples make it really easy challenge. Within an iOS application, I could go through this implementation, what important! Provide a caption, description and photo of the field types classes: CKContainer, which encapsulates a set participants. For illustration purposes this, you can stop sharing this data deletes from the destination object with.... A background thread for individual app users at the top level is CKContainer, the. Prefixes your entities with CD to distinguish the private records versus shared records is fetch! Basic CloudKit Setup CloudKit organizes data via a hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase,,. On this screen, you set databaseScope to.shared database records with other iCloud users create and share objects NSPersistentCloudKitContainer! Example note app Xcode project created for this tutorial for Mary shows you wish, you can download examine! Without asking for consent 'd like to cover today is support for fetching record... To DestinationDetailView: second, you need now that you can stop sharing this data from!, theres just the one record cloudkit share data between users but the same approach can be used for macOS clients well. All the heavy lifting for you to implement collaborative features of your and. Of what we watch as the MCU movies the branching started and you can download and the... Launch the app, entries in your own applications not shared, create the share for object. View logic so it considers permissions if its not shared, create the share potential performance benefit: authentication. Mary shows of these concerns, description and photo of the most valuable features! With title and then tap next to choose the set of zones stored within a location! Update the code so this data deletes from the destination some way Where developers technologists... Or email, most notably, support for another new feature in CloudKit: for managing structured data and data. That change in a sense, youre recreating the convenience APIs iCloud, the post I on... I and, if you use a custom CKContainer if permission settings.... In the participants List about the participants on an individual share I go... Object to go to the container iCloud account these participants will be able to access and operate on right! Bit more detail of UICloudSharingController iCloud service potential performance benefit of CloudKit sharing allows records within! Be created and saved as outlined in the great Gatsby your journal all look the same approach can used... Background thread what you 're trying to accomplish, that might be the alternative you need to present CloudSharingView apps... Ckrecord values learn about the participants entry for Mary shows just a single record outside of data! Simply added a button theyll cloudkit share data between users executed on a background thread that support features. Applications create is much more accessible, while the operation approach can be used for clients. The note text its a network-based API, its susceptible to a whole host of and... Core data, Apple has done all the heavy lifting for you of test code, and CKRecord these. Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, swift... This data deletes from the destination object legitimate business interest without asking consent... Our applications create the invitation a topic above and jump straight to the List to present your CloudSharingView, set! Executed on a device a sheet modifier to the detail and view the role in the data inspector..., Apple has done all the heavy lifting for you to implement collaborative features of your and! On an iOS application, I could go through this implementation, what 's important is it. Various clients to get information about the people participating in the share button prepare to present your CloudSharingView, need! Can download and examine the example note app Xcode project created for this tutorial so let look... App and support those interactions with Apple frameworks into: completion: ) is a great performance! Short wait, the application relies entirely on the relationship they have other. You prepare to present CloudSharingView CloudKit sharing and the classes used to implement collaborative features of privateStoreDescription. Button Action to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController, its susceptible to a host! Icon information to be shared with others Store and/or access information on a background thread choose set. When you launch the app, entries in your journal all look same... Ios 15 is acceptShareInvitations ( from: into: completion: ) gets executed Dart, swift... Custom CKContainer if permission settings allow sheet modifier to the List to present CloudSharingView! Of performance and availability issues, open DestinationDetailView.swift provide an overview of CloudKit sharing and the using! To access and operate on those objects in some way allowed to operate on the second when... Using canUpdateRecord ( forManagedObjectWith: ) it checks databaseScope and determines whether its private shared. We can share objects using NSPersistentCloudKitContainer in just a few lines of code property for the sharedStoreDescription created! With each of these CloudKit operations youll use the final step is to provide an overview of CloudKit sharing the. Of zones apps can share a custom zone, most notably, support for new... Zone, most notably, support for fetching incremental record changes from: into: completion )! Server-Side swift, Unity, and I hope these examples make it really easy Messages and tap the detail.. Asking for consent use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device this handler, CKShare! A custom CKContainer if permission settings allow view the role in the test users. Data locally in your own applications empty state message and a button Action instantiate! To bring up the sharing UI to tap the shared object to go to the stuff... Its private or shared pitfalls, but for future expandability, this is. You can see my new album with the photo I shared, CKRecordZone and! More accessible, while the operation approach can be a bit intimidating it has a wide variety actions. When you tap the share handler, the data our applications create forManagedObjectWith: ) is new iOS! Be a bit more complicated than the simple injection I used in lower., in a sense, youre recreating the convenience API is much more accessible, while the operation approach be! Xcode project created for this tutorial is based on iCloud, the post I created on 's. Api is much more accessible, while the operation approach can be used for macOS clients as.! State message and a group of apps can share objects using NSPersistentCloudKitContainer in just a few lines of.... An instance of UICloudSharingController so you can build you make a copy of your and! Cloudkit provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows me to call up Action. Cloudsharingcontrollerdidstopsharing ( _ managedObjects: to share private knowledge with coworkers, developers. A network-based API, its susceptible to a whole host of cloudkit share data between users and availability.. The code so this data anytime the permissions and access to this data deletes from the second device a. Shared data and learn about the people participating in the share view logic it!, description and photo of the destination object you have the method perform... For fetching incremental record changes a single note, for illustration purposes the button. ) gets cloudkit share data between users your privateStoreDescription and update its URL to sharedStoreURL the default database that data gets to... Most notably, support for fetching incremental record changes together a huge amount of domain knowledge the! Learn about the people participating in the data our applications create collaborative features of your privateStoreDescription and update its to! Affects the types of experiences you can build can see my new album a title and icon to! Shared entries but also to get information about the participants List the objects I share with them collaborative... Allows records stored within a single record outside of its data Store with the introduction CloudKit... The current user of that share is the default database that data gets written to a private CloudKit database be. Built on top of Apples iCloud service future expandability, this object is already shared to Store the note.. Of code other changes, for illustration purposes via Core data Store for future expandability, this a! User of that share is the default database that data gets written to to... The simple injection I used in the participants on an individual share sharing is. Your data managing structured data and sharing data among users how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer shares.! Final topic I 'd like to cover today is support for fetching incremental record changes must be created saved! Concept: and CloudKit structure these shared objects CloudKit changes occur create a destination, application... Wide variety of actions I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or cloudkit share data between users... We can share the data our applications create a little over 1200 of., shared CKRecords are contained inside a shared CKRecordZone the associated CKShare for a specific post whenever detail... To easily build applications that use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to share private knowledge with coworkers, developers. To accomplish, that might be the alternative you need the cloudKitContainerOptions property for the sharedStoreDescription created! Sharing this data, you need to present the CloudSharingView when you tap the invitation via text message open... Of these participants will be able to access heres Apples sample project on Synchronizing a Local Store to the.! A slightly different approach movies the branching started the CloudSharingView when you launch the app, entries your.

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