Family and friends can send flowers and condolences in memory of the loved one. Ferencz graduated from the City College of New York. [10], He also published several books on this subject. They lived for. [19], On May 3, 2011, two days after the death of Osama bin Laden was reported, The New York Times published a Ferencz letter which argued that "illegal and unwarranted execution even of suspected mass murderers undermines democracy". [20][21] Also that year he presented a closing statement in the trial of Thomas Lubanga Dyilo in Uganda. Gertrude Ferencz Memorial - YouTube In loving memory of Getrude Ferencz, November 5, 1919 to September 14, 2019 In loving memory of Getrude Ferencz, November 5, 1919 to September 14, 2019. Ferencz married Gertrude Ferencz (ne Fried) in 1946, and is father to four children; Carol, Robin, Donald, and Nina. At the time, omcuta Mare was still part of Hungary but was occupied by Romania. He held the position of Adjunct Professor of International Law at Pace University in White Plains, NY, and is founder and Executive Director of the Peace Center. He grew up in a tough New York City neighborhood where his father found work as a. War is the supreme international crime. Addie Gertrude Parker Moses Obituary. His time as a soldier in the army began bleakly with a job as a typist in Camp Davis in North Carolina. We first published this story on September 28, 2016. As Philippe Sands, UCL professor and counsel to the Gambia in its genocide case against Myanmar over its treatment of the Rohingya atthe International Court of Justice, puts it: [When it comes to international criminal justice], all roads lead to Nuremberg. Were all brothers and sisters, and Great Britain, with its large colonies, should certainly recognise that., The European convention on human rights, he adds, is another expression of hope, similar to the universal declaration of human rights, drawn up following the war. She never used having cancer as an excuse to make her life easier. Their four kids have reached the age of pensioners themselves now. Jewish Restitution Successor Organization. It would be the ninth of the 12 Subsequent Nuremberg trials, and would see 24 commanders of Einsatzgruppen units face charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Family (1) Spouse Gertrude Fried ( 29 March 1946 - 2019) (her death) (4 children) Trivia (5) Shared the 2009 Erasmus Prize with Benjamin Ferencz. He was 92. Ben and his wife have been married for over 70 years without a quarrel, he insists. Ben Ferencz: Wiki, Bio, Age, Height, Weight, Nationality, Career, Net Worth, Wife & More: Lawyer Benjamin Berell Ferencz was born in the United States on March 11, 1920.Following World War II, he worked as an investigator of Nazi war crimes and served as the main prosecutor for the US Army at the Einsatzgruppen Trial, one of the 12 Subsequent Nuremberg Trials held in Nuremberg, Germany by the . He is Jewish and his family immigrated to the United States to escape poverty and anti-Semitism. Elementary schools looked at the young Ferenczs physical stature (as an adult, he barely reached 52) and thought he was too small to enrol. Gertrude Ferencz is a few months older than her husband. After Ben graduated from Harvard Law School in 1943, he joined an anti-aircraft artillery battalion preparing for the invasion of France. FERENCZ JOSEPH MICHAEL FERENCZ "Chip", 54, of Litchfield, OH, peacefully passed April 16th, 2015. He soon filed more than 163,000 restitution claims. [8] From 1985 to 1996, Ferencz also worked as an adjunct professor of international law at Pace University at White Plains, New York. Research family history relating to the Holocaust and explore the Museum's collections about individual survivors and victims of the Holocaust and Nazi persecution. But ironically, neither France nor the United Kingdom have ratified the ICCs amendments on the crime of aggression. The recognition that we have to move as a unit gave us the EU, it gave us the US, 50 states with very differing opinions. Benj B Ferencz, Benjamin B Ferencz, and two other persons spent some time in this place. I dont care about glory, I dont care about legacy, I dont care about money, Id give it all away, he says. You know why? He wrote several books outlining his ideas for an international legal body, which became fundamental in the establishment of the International Criminal Court in The Hague. Oral history interview with Sally Falk Moore, Oral history interview with Bernard Meltzer, Oral history interview with Ernest Michel, Oral history interview with Richard Sonnenfeldt. Brett Ferencz, the @Scotch_Trooper, has been a dyed-in-the-wool honest-to-goodness Star Wars nerd since childhood. Gertrude was born in Szury, Poland on February 2, 1943 to the late . But, for Ferencz, it was a matter of particular disappointment that the US, despite playing a significant role at Nuremberg, did not ratify the ICC Statute. Benjamin Ferencz discusses his experiences as a Hungarian-born American lawyer who investigated Nazi war crimes after WWII and served as Chief Prosecutor for the United States Army at the Einsatzgruppen Trial in Nuremberg, Germany. Einsatzgruppen Trial, Nuremberg, Germany, 1947-1948. GERTRUDE FISCHER OBITUARY. "We used to come to Florida as snowbirds," he says. Thats me at the Nuremberg trial. We are made to know about the death of the above name on June 28, 2021. I came into the world as a pauper, I lived most of my life in poverty, and now Im giving it all back., I ask him if he was nervous, all those years ago, as he faced the court at Nuremberg. They had four children. As part of this unit, Ferencz helped liberate and investigate the Buchenwald, Mauthausen and Flossenburg concentration camps, among others. [31], On June 22, 2021, he became the first recipient of the Pahl Peace Prize[32] in Liechtenstein. We were trying to show people how horrible it is if you take a leader whos very charismatic, and unquestionably follow him, even to murdering little children. Most people dont know that until about the age of 95 years old, my father stood on his head for about five minutes every single day.. As the last surviving prosecutor of the Nuremberg trials, he has witnessed more in his lifetime than most. This was the first of the famous Nuremberg trials. You know how I got witness statements? Gertrude Ferencz Death | Obituary | Gertrude Ferencz Dead | Died | Funeral Plans - We heard about the great loss, that our beloved person is no more and has reportedly passed away. He is the son of the late Andrew and Ann (Babjak) Ferencz. When the impoverished family arrived in New York City, Ferenczs father, a one-eyed cobbler, had difficulty finding work. In the contrary it was a cry to avoid vengeance and to substitute it with the rule of law., Ben Ferencz says that ever since the Nuremberg trials he has spent his life trying to prevent war. Dalton . With heavy hearts, we announce the death of James Ferencz of Penn Hills, Pennsylvania, born in Duquesne, Pennsylvania, who passed away on February 6, 2021 at the age of 82. BBC World Service radio report, aired on October 5, 2021, using recordings of interview from 2017. Aus dem Vorlass von Benjamin B. Ferencz, Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, War crimes committed by the United States, The International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Review Conference of the International Criminal Court Statute, United States and the International Criminal Court, "Chief prosecutor Benjamin Ferencz presents his case at the Einsatzgruppen Trial", Pursuing Human Dignity: The Legacies of Nuremberg for International Law, Human Rights & Education, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer signs the reparations agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel, Telford Taylor: Pioneer of International Criminal Law, Reassessing the Nuremberg Military Tribunals, Bush and Saddam Should Both Stand Trial, Says Nuremberg Prosecutor, Letter to NY Times re: Bin Laden's Killing, "The improbable story of the man who won history's biggest murder trial at Nuremberg", Letter to NY Times re: Crimes Against Humanity, "Peace Palace path named for Nazi war crimes prosecutor", "Review: In 'Fahrenheit 11/9', Michael Moore asks the heartland to deliver us from Trump", Benjamin Ferencz: The last surviving Nuremberg prosecutor, "Two Heads Are Better Than One: Making of the Ben Ferencz Bust", "Two Heads Are Better Than One World Premiere", "Ferencz: "Der Weltfrieden darf nicht unser Ziel bleiben, sondern muss Realitt werden" - Liechtenstein", "Last surviving Nuremberg Trials prosecutor says Putin should be 'behind bars', "2021 Florida Statutes Title IV Chapter 14 Section 35", "Governor DeSantis Awards the Governor's Medal of Freedom to Benjamin Ferencz, the Last Surviving Nuremberg Prosecutor", "DeSantis awards Nuremberg trials prosecutor with Florida Medal of Freedom", "Criminal: Episode 177: Palace of Justice on Apple Podcasts", "Parting Words: Nine Lessons for a Remarkable Life by Benjamin Ferencz review what you know when you're 100", "Recht statt Krieg: Uni Kln ehrt Benjamin Ferencz", A lecture Ferencz gave on Memorial Day, 2006, at the Library of Congress, Benjamin Ferencz on Nuremberg War Crimes Trials on C-SPAN, Oral history interview with Benjamin Ferencz at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Biographical Interview with Benjamin Ferencz, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ben_Ferencz&oldid=1141218373, 20th-century American non-fiction writers, 21st-century American non-fiction writers, American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent, Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Army non-commissioned officers, United States Army personnel of World War II, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox military person with embed, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Possible connections via main address - Benj B Ferencz, Latitude, Longitude: 40.94829, -73.776794. The EHRI Project is supported by the European Commission, Jewish Restitution Successor Organization. Benjamin B. Ferencz donated his collection to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Oct. 1994. No, I was determined. [10] After 13 years, and under the influence of the events of the Vietnam War, Ferencz left the private law practice and henceforth worked for the institution of an International Criminal Court that would serve as a worldwide highest instance for issues of crimes against humanity and war crimes. The chief prosecutor for the US in the case was former army sergeant Benjamin Ferencz. The best quote of Bens, which I think summarises his lasting legacy, is I prefer law to war in all circumstances, Teitel explains. When the Rome Statute was affirmed by vote in 1998, Ferencz addressed the Conference asserting that an international criminal court - the missing link in the world legal order - is within our grasp. Since Rome, Ferencz has been active at Preparatory Commission sessions for the ICC, monitoring and making available his expertise on current efforts to define aggression. She has supported me all my life, lived many years with me in Germany. When General George S Pattons Third Army established a war crimes investigative unit, Ferencz was transferred to it. [36], On April 7, 2022, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis awarded Ferencz the Governors Medal of Freedom[37] at a ceremony held at Florida Atlantic University. Benjamin B Ferencz, Age 70. [27], On January 16, 2020, The New York Times printed Ferencz's letter denouncing the assassination of the Iranian general Qassem Soleimani, unnamed in the letter, as an "immoral action [and] a clear violation of national and international law". The most significants items he collected, he says, were the death registries, kept as meticulously by the Germans as hospital birth certificates. Gartner was, at the time, working as a law clerk for Justice Robert Jackson of the US Supreme Court, and Jackson had just been assigned the task of serving as the Chief of Counsel for the United States at the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. Already in his first book published in 1975, entitled Defining International Aggression-The Search for World Peace, he argued for the establishment of such an international court. Growing up in a neighbourhood riddled with crime, he was a studious adolescent keen to prove his worth. 1991-2010 1; Personal Stories. He was only twenty-seven years old. Records show that Gertrude has one phone number, (561) 499-8642 (Bellsouth Telecommunications, LLC), The residency of Gertrude is at 14 Bayberry La, New Rochelle, NY 10804-3402. Ferencz graduated from Harvard in 1943 and was finally inducted into an artillery battalion of the US army. When Ferencz was ten months old, his family emigrated to the United States, which, according to his own account, was to avoid the persecution of Hungarian Jews by Romania after Romania gained formal control of Transylvania and Eastern Hungary. army. But miracles can be performed.. Bodies lying around; you cant tell if theyre dead or alive, pleading with their eyes for help. The Russians withdrawing is a sign of protest, saying: You cant push us around. Its a dangerous game theyre playing, and its unfortunate. The USs refusal to commit, Ferencz adds, would be laughable if it wasnt so tragic the most powerful nations of the world are not yet ready to surrender what they perceive as a sovereign right to use whatever means they perceive to be necessary in order to protect their own interests as they see them., The ICCs biggest problem, then, is that it lacks any meaningful enforcement powers. She was a graduate of Trenton High School Class of . Interviews in Audio or Video 1; Film, Audio, and Video. These institutions would not have existed without a vision of justice that started at Nuremberg.. We're bringing it back now because BenjaminFerencz will speak tomorrow (Tuesday, Dec. 13) in Boca Raton at a U.S. When he was ten months old his family moved to America. Their four kids have reached the age of pensioners themselves now. Im always doing fantastic, he tells me with certain mirth, when I call him at his home in New Rochelle, New York. He says he works out every day at the gym of the complex. From the UKs vote to leave the EU, to the election of Donald Trump; from the UNs stand-off with Syria and its allies for atrocities committed in its civil war to a colossal refugee crisis, peace and security have not seemed this unstable since the second world war. His son, Don Ferencz, says the horrors of the concentration camps traumatised him. I have never heard of a war that does not kill the innocent., Most people dont know that until about the age of 95 years old, my father stood on his head for about five minutes every single day., Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. [38][39], In September 2022, Ferencz appeared in the Ken Burns documentary, "The U.S. and the Holocaust. International Criminal Court in The Hague, Congolese warlord Thomas Lubanga Dyilo in Uganda, withdrawing its signature from the Rome statute, Holocaust museums genocide prevention centre. Ferencz had immigrated to the U.S. as a baby, the son of poor Jewish parents from a small town in Romania. It is with great sadness that we announce the death of Addie Gertrude Parker Moses (Durham, North Carolina), who passed away on February 25, 2023, at the age of 92, leaving to mourn family and friends. Past Addresses: Delray Beach FL, Delray Beach FL +2 more. It was tabulated that over a million persons were deliberately murdered by these special action groups, or Einsatzgruppen. HAMILTON Gertrude Marion (Zdanowicz) Baranowski Pinto, age 87, of Hamilton, entered into her eternal rest with the Lord on Sunday, February 12, 2023, at Capital Health Hopewell surrounded by her loving family. By 1956, Ferencz was ready to return home with his wife and four children. But then the decisive absurdity: why only 22? I did nothing to stop it. Ferencz published another two-volume documentary history, An International Criminal Court-A Step Toward World Peace, which was intended to be a tool that nations could use to build a structure for peace. Ferencz's father was a janitor who graduated to house painting. Margaret Felicichia of Hammond, Martha and Gertrude. As Nazi atrocities were uncovered, he was transferred to a newly created War Crimes Branch of the Army to gather evidence of Nazi brutality and apprehend the criminals. After careful deliberation, Ferencz decided that he would gradually withdraw from the private practice of law and would dedicate himself to studying and writing about world peace. He grew up in Hells Kitchen in New York City, which back then was a crime-ridden neighborhood. Ferencz was born on March 11, 1920, in a tiny cottage rented to his poor Jewish parents. The men in the dock included the infamous lead defendant, SS Brigade Fuhrer Otto Ohlendorf, an economist with a PhD who was the commander of Einsatzgruppen D, which murdered nearly 100,000 people in southern Ukraine and the Caucasus during 1941-1942. first trial of the Congolese warlord Thomas Lubanga Dyilo. To Ruti Teitel, a professor at New York Law School, Ferenczs enduring legacy is his work for the anti-war movement, particularly the movement against nuclear weapons. Since he couldnt try all of the roughly 3,000 members of the Einsatzgruppen, he went after the 22 leading officers. Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany, Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly, https://www.jns.org/bipartisan-bill-awards-congressional-gold-medal-to-last-living-nuremberg-prosecutor/, Kriegsverbrechen, Restitution, Prvention. ALBERT FERENCZ OBITUARY. My wife has dementia, she cant be moved and misses me when Im away, he says. As the last surviving prosecutor of the Nuremberg trials, he has witnessed more in his lifetime than most. Terms and Conditions . The Nazis were so sure they would win the war they kept record of all their atrocities. Since my first meeting with him, I have never, ever ceased to be amazed by his moral clarity, indefatigable energy and fighting spirit.. It was called the biggest murder trial in history. "I saw many crimes, but never lawyers. Devoted father of Kelsey and Hayden. He introduced the prosecutions evidence, argued its motions and then cross-examined some of the key defendants. The dictat cost Hungary 2/3 of its territory. Shortly after returning from Europe, Ferencz was standing on a street corner in New York when he bumped into a former classmate from Harvard Law School, Murray Gartner. He was 74. Just after the war, he was assigned to collect evidence in the concentration camps in Europe. Now he is 96 years old and the only one of those prosecutors still alive. While he has never sought accolades, he has received many. These are heavy blows to efforts to establish a global legal order for pursuing genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, and it is now feared that the tide of nationalist sentiment is threatening to undermine the project altogether. He was present at, or arrived soon after, the liberation of concentration camps including Buchenwald, Mauthausen, Flossenbrg and Ebensee, scouring the barbarous scenes for evidence of Nazi wrongdoing to present at trial. It is a disappointment shared by his son, Don Ferencz, who told Al Jazeera:By failing to join as a member of the ICC, the United States has turned its back on the lessons of Nuremberg. In 1948, while still working out of his Nuremberg prosecution office, Ferencz took over the leadership of the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization, becoming the connective tissue between Holocaust prosecutions and reparations. I had peered into Hell.. TTY: 202.488.0406. He explains how Nuremberg could have been a one-time event of victorious allies prosecuting the losing side., Instead, he explains, Ferencz worked hard to create international institutions that would be permanent in nature. Camps like Buchenwald, Mauthausen, and Dachau are vividly imprinted in my mind's eye. Benjamin B Ferencz, Age 102. aka Ben Ferencz, Benj B Ferenoz, Benj B Ferencz, Benjami Ferencz. Ferencz P. Kallay. All 1; Video Recording 1; Of course. Taylor eventually yielded, naming Ferencz the chief prosecutor in the Einsatzgruppen Trial. The former was a harbinger of the larger goals of Ferenczs lifes work establishing a lasting framework for international peace and justice. His business card actually says: Law, not war.. There is also a poster of a documentary made by a German director last year. At Harvard, he studied under Roscoe Pound[7] and also did research for Sheldon Glueck who, at that time, was writing a book on war crimes. Taylor was preparing for theSubsequent Nuremberg trials. Two of those did not make it to the end of the trial one because the case against him was discontinued for medical reasons and another because he committed suicide. Obituary Service Details Dorothy Mae (Noble) Ferencz, 85, of Lewistown passed away Wednesday, February 22, 2017 at Mt. Family and friends can send flowers and condolences in memory of the loved one. Be the first to know. Obituaries Feb 24, 2017 Dorothy Mae (Noble) Ferencz Dorothy Mae (Noble) Ferencz, 85, of Lewistown, passed away Wednesday, Feb. 22, 2017, at Mount Nittany Medical Center. Its an anti-Semitic computer; it never does what I want, he says and winks. It was his first case. Ferencz is the author of numerous monographs, articles, and commentaries, primarily on matters of international law, the need for an international criminal court, and world peace. A Former Prosecutor at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial Benjamin B. Ferencz was born in the Carpathian Mountains of Transylvania in 1920. He had come full circle from an opening statement at Nuremberg to a closing statement at The Hague. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Mr. Ferencz resides in New Rochelle, New York where he continues to strive for universal peace. Not long before Ferenczs discharge, the Allies had begun prosecuting major Nazi war criminals before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. To help you, we've analysed the most common alternative last names (AKA) associated with Gertrude Ferencz . After graduating he joined an anti-aircraft artillery battalion of the US army and received five battle stars from the Pentagon for having not been killed in every major battle in Europe. One shot at a time, or, as one of my lead defendants, who killed 90,000, instructed his troops: If the mother is holding an infant to her breast, dont shoot the mother, shoot the infant because the bullet will go through both of them, and youll save ammunition., The defendants, he explains, were picked on the basis of their rank and education. But the US, China and Israel have refused membership, and at the end of last year, Russia joined African states including South Africa and Gambia in formally withdrawing its signature from the Rome statute, just one day after the court published a report classifying the Russian annexation of Crimea as an occupation. [29] Six months later on September 7, the documentary Two Heads Are Better Than One: Making of the Ben Ferencz Bust,[30] starring Ferencz and sculptor Yaacov Heller, had a world premiere, produced by Eric Kline Productions and directed by Eric Kline. Gertrude grew up and spent her most senior years in Maine, but her home for most of her . served in the 115th AAA Gun Battalion, an anti-aircraft artillery unit. It was followed by the Subsequent Nuremberg trials of other Nazi leaders before American military tribunals. Ben Ferencz says the Einsatzgruppen killed over 1 million people. I got lucky on the stock market and lived very modest, hesays, explaining his wealth. He graduated from Harvard's law school in 1943. Margaret was born in Rankin in 1927. Some video files begin with 10-60 seconds of color bars. Ferencz was 27 when the case began and apparently not tall enough for the lectern without elevation. The National Archives transferred a small portion of his personal papers to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Dec. 1994. Nowits payback time. UNLOCK PROFILE. The U.S. had decided to prosecute a broad cross section of Nazi criminals once the trial against Goering and his henchmen was over. It was the chance encounter with Gartner that ultimately led Ferencz to Nuremberg, where he was placed under the supervision ofBrigadier General Telford Taylor. The series includes but is not limited to correspondence, newspaper clippings, memoranda, notes, essays, reports, and other documents pertaining to Benjamin B. Ferencz's professional association with B'nai B'rith. Even the UK has limited the courts funding. The city's Deputy Mayor Saskia Bruines (International Affairs) traveled to Washington to symbolically present the street sign to Ferencz. He points to a black and white picture on the wall. It wasnt about vengeance. So, the movement towards unification was itself a great accomplishment. Washington, DC 20024-2126 [12] While pursuing claims of Jewish forced laborers against the Flick concern (the subject of the Flick trial), Ferencz observed the "interesting phenomenon of history and psychology that very frequently the criminal comes to see himself as the victim". Receiving critical acclaim from its readers, with over 450,000 copies printed and served as an inexpensive and easy-to-read Key to Survival and Prosperity.. 2020 Benjamin B. Ferencz. A man like Mr Trump doesnt fit the pattern of trained politician or international realist, optimist or idealist, but almost half the people voted for him.. Since retiring, Ferencz has devoted himself to advocating for peace, never tiring of repeating his trademark mantra: Law, not war., Leila Sadat, a professor of law at Washington University School of Law, says: Ben was writing about world peace when it wasnt popular . Holocaust Memorial Museum to promote world peace. Bernard Meltzer discusses his role as a prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials; how he led a team of lawyers to gather evidence against business executives that helped finance the Nazis and defendants who profited from slave labor; and his reflections upon the legacy and impact of the trials. Benjamin Ferencz discusses his experiences as a Hungarian-born American lawyer who investigated Nazi war crimes after WWII and served as Chief Prosecutor for the United States Army at the Einsatzgruppen Trial in Nuremberg, Germany. Benj B Ferencz, Benjamin B Ferencz, and two other persons spent some time in this place. He lives in Florida. Ferencz was honourably discharged from the army in December 1945, having earned five battle stars, and returned to New York, where he married his wife Gertrude on March 31, 1946. His advocacy contributed to United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314, which sought to define the crime of aggression. Email Address: b AYLG @peoplepc.com +3 emails. It was ridiculous, but it was symbolic. Arriving in Europe in December of that year, he found himself at some of the most significant American battlefields of the war, including the landing beaches of Normandy, the frozen forests of the Battle of the Bulge, and the parapets of the Siegfried Line. This reference provides text, photographs, charts, maps, and extensive indexes. And the latter unleashed the historical forces that led to the rise of Nazism the crimes of which Ferenczwould prosecute at the Nuremberg Trials. Gertrude C. Miller. Was I worried? He was born into a Jewish. His efforts to enlist in other branches of the military also came to nought. Benjamin B. Ferencz was born in omcuta Mare, Romania (Nagysomkt, Hungary) on March 11, 1920, to Joseph and Sarah Ferencz. If you peruse his Instagram account, you'll find a picture of him as a beaming youngster surrounded by Star Wars toys and clothing. A New Yorker most of his life, Ferencz has another home in New Rochelle, where he raised four children. He landed on the beaches of Normandy during the D-day offensive; broke through the German defences on the Maginot and Siegfried lines; crossed the Rhine at Remagen; and took part in the Battle of the Bulge at Bastogne. 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