It offers job search and workplace skills improvement, skill building in reading, writing, math, and basic science, career certification and licensure exam prep, college and grad school entrance test prep, GED test prep, and more. Most of the previous studies did not include these two databases in their research. The search on substance abuse in pregnancy, not restricted to nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching both MEDLINE and EMBASE. NOTE There are many limiters that we haven't covered. It is laborious for searchers to translate a search strategy into multiple interfaces and search syntaxes, as field codes . Other databases that we identified as essential for good recall were searched much less frequently; Embase was searched in 61% and Web of Science in 35%, and Google Scholar was only used in 10% of all reviews. What is lost when searching only one literature database for articles relevant to injury prevention and safety promotion? Whether Embase and Web of Science can be replaced by Scopus remains uncertain. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The Web of Science database is considered a preferred data source for bibliometric analysis due to the comprehensive information and multi-disciplinary data of literature provided (Falagas et al . Improving search efficiency for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy: an exploratory study to assess the viability of limiting to MEDLINE, EMBASE and reference checking. Stroke. Bramer WM, Giustini D, Kramer BM, Anderson PF. A systematic approach to searching: how to perform high quality literature searches more efficiently. Library users and staff use WorldCat Discovery to search the WorldCat database of electronic, digital and physical resources; to identify materials they need and to find out where they are available. Ahntastic Adventures in Silicon Valley Providing searchable cited references for nearly 1,000 journals, is another added benefit. BMC Med Res Methodol. Exploring the 'Patient Experience' of Individuals with Limited English Proficiency: A Scoping Review. Using similar calculations, also shown in Table5, we estimated the probability that 100% of relevant references were retrieved is 23%. ?lq!9!OW$2w1tp=/0 0aPz6Kx|M}97_jn{oy0@o65I>KrjPov= D@H?z`. Evid Based Libr Inf Pract. Health Inf Libr J. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y. Librarian co-authors correlated with higher quality reported search strategies in general internal medicine systematic reviews. 2006 Jul;59(7):710-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.013. Thedatabase itself is unfiltered, but includes many filtered items like systematic reviews. In our analyses, we combined the results from MEDLINE in Ovid and PubMed (the subset as supplied by publisher) into one database labeled MEDLINE. If an included reference was not found in the EndNote file, we presumed the authors used an alternative method of identifying the reference (e.g., examining cited references, contacting prominent authors, or searching gray literature), and we did not include it in our analysis. Can Fam Physician. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Our earlier research had resulted in 206 systematic reviews published between 2014 and July 2016, in which the first author was affiliated with Erasmus MC [21]. 2 - CRzB:x{m9*eZvs@~&AWSiwY5a%Ofn(ehsVvu-O#Y+(t &c-SvTtFg *@WsWTy._,i@R(ay>EK4J=z}8S6(Cw viV%Q%bs-&{ Of course, the loss of a minor non-randomized included study that follows the systematic reviews conclusions would not be as problematic as losing a major included randomized controlled trial with contradictory results. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. However, for one review of this domain, the recall was 82%. . Comparison of CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLIN . Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. For a sample of 200 recently published systematic reviews, we calculated how many had used enough databases to ensure 95% recall. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 2014;30:1738. The purpose of this research was to determine which of three databases, CINAHL, EMBASE or MEDLINE, should be accessed when researching nursing topics. Because of this major limitation, the question of which databases are necessary to retrieve all relevant references for a systematic review remains unanswered. The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request. Halladay et al. CINAHL indexing terms and policies reflect a more general approach and the index term "diagnosis," when exploded (ie, when all subdivisions of the indexed term are retrieved), covers most aspects of nursing assessment, screening (people with no symptoms or indications of disease), and diagnosis (people with symptoms or conditions suggestive of We identified all included references that were uniquely identified by a single database. Disadvantages of using CINAHL There really aren't any, except that it's just a single database, and you might miss material that is available elsewhere. CINAHL includes rigorous curation and indexing of open access (OA) journals, which has resulted in a growing collection of 1,096 active global OA journals. Created by the National Library of Medicine,MEDLINEuses MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) indexing with tree, tree hierarchy, subheadings and explosion capabilities to search citations from over 4,800 current biomedical journals. In the other 48%, the recall by Scopus was suboptimal, in one occasion as low as 38%. For CINAHL and PsycINFO, in one case each, unique relevant references were found. In 23 reviews included in this research, Scopus was searched. Michaleff ZA, Costa LO, Moseley AM, Maher CG, Elkins MR, Herbert RD, Sherrington C. CENTRAL, PEDro, PubMed, and EMBASE are the most comprehensive databases indexing randomized controlled trials of physical therapy interventions. On this page you will learn how to limit your results in CINAHL to: Video: CINAHL Quick Guide at Walden Library (YouTube), (2 min 24 sec) Recorded April 2020 2013;66:10517. We see that reviewers rarely use Web of Science and especially Google Scholar in their searches, though they retrieve a great deal of unique references in our reviews. In both these reviews, the topic was highly related to the topic of the database. 2004;12:22832. 2014;21:34354. One hundred and fifty-nine journals are uniquely indexed in BNI compared with the basic version of CINAHL. Most reviews did not limit to certain study designs, 9% limited to RCTs only, and another 9% limited to other study types. Although we searched PubMed as supplied by publisher separately from MEDLINE in Ovid, we combined the included references of these databases into one measurement in our analysis. The sum of all these values is the total probability of acceptable recall in the random sample. Imagine you are a patient with cancer and your doctor can't order your pain medication. J Clin Epidemiol. Therefore, we research the probability that single or various combinations of databases retrieve the most relevant references in a systematic review by studying actual retrieval in various databases. (DOCX 19kb). [16] concluded that databases other than MEDLINE/PubMed did not change the outcomes of the review, while Rice et al. 2005;51:8489. Table3 displays the number of unique results retrieved for each single database. Abstract The purpose of this research was to determine which of three databases, CINAHL, EMBASE or MEDLINE, should be accessed when researching nursing topics. Improvement of precision was calculated as the ratio between the original precision from the searches in all databases and the precision for each database and combination. The complete results from all databases used for each of the systematic reviews were imported into a unique EndNote library upon search completion and saved without deduplication for this research. To determine how searching multiple databases affected precision, we calculated for each combination the ratio between the original precision, observed when all databases were searched, and the precision calculated for different database combinations. stream J Med Libr Assoc. These are mostly unique PubMed references, which are not assigned MeSH terms, and are often freely available via PubMed Central. 2016;16:161. van Enst WA, Scholten RJ, Whiting P, Zwinderman AH, Hooft L. Meta-epidemiologic analysis indicates that MEDLINE searches are sufficient for diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews. 11 reviews, where we were able to recheck all the databases used by the original review authors, had included a study that was uniquely identified from the CINAHL database. Wichor M. Bramer. For four out of five systematic reviews that limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) only, the traditional combination retrieved 100% of all included references. The information specialists of Erasmus MC developed an efficient method that helps them perform searches in many databases in a much shorter time than other methods. We find that Embase is critical for acceptable recall in a review and should always be searched for medically oriented systematic reviews. The one review where it was insufficient was about alternative medicine, specifically meditation and relaxation therapy, where one of the missed studies was published in the Indian Journal of Positive Psychology. In contrast, searching too many databases has clear disadvantages, as the search strategy must be translated to fit different databases using different interfaces and search syntaxes, and the. WB and ML analyzed the data. j 'o Article }UCby^4(-\SHU1B CPn(ULF{fUUog].[>~si|F] mykK+NGz Would you like email updates of new search results? If the research question is more interdisciplinary, a broader science database such as Web of Science is likely to add value. Kr Mo@h(fW"\x| Tu?g n=~?@(wg The database itself is unfiltered, but includes many filtered items like systematic reviews. Identify resources at your library and in the collections of the worlds libraries. Percentage of systematic reviews for which a certain database combination reached a certain recall. Together, these reviews included a total of 1830 references. In Excel, we calculated the performance of each individual database and various combinations. The searcher in the case of all 58 systematic reviews is an experienced biomedical information specialist. These results may not be generalizable to other studies for other reasons. In addition to journal articles, CINAHL includes books, book chapters, dissertations, and computer programs. Researchers planning a systematic review generally perform one review, and they need to estimate the probability that they may miss relevant articles in their search. who wins student body president riverdale. Due to the nature and distribution of the nursing literature, it is especially important for the searcher to understand and respond to the focus of the researcher. Google Scholar. National Library of Medicine For each review that we investigated, we determined what the recall was for all possible different database combinations of the most important databases. However, Embase is only accessible via a paid subscription, which generally makes it challenging for review teams not affiliated with academic medical centers to access. To compare our practice of database usage in systematic reviews against current practice as evidenced in the literature, we analyzed a set of 200 recent systematic reviews from PubMed. 9v[-[TkBaly.Ja%"uu'Nd&nNSevS}VXcS63#qN CINAHL, a database that focuses on allied health and nursing literature, has the most articles, although most of them are descriptive articles about the Pilates method of exercise and do not include investigations that tested the claims of Pilates. We selected the domain from a pre-defined set of broad domains, including therapy, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Syst Rev. Lastly, access to databases is often limited and only available on subscription basis. Of the individual databases, Embase had the highest overall recall (85.9%). See Fig. For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it was helpful to search both CINAHL and MEDLINE. Abbreviations: EM Embase, ML MEDLINE, WoS Web of Science, GS Google Scholar. We analyzed whether the added value of Web of Science and Google Scholar was dependent of the domain of the review. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. author reply e140. An overview of the broad topical categories covered in these reviews is given in Table2. From the published journal article, we extracted the list of final included references. Once you have set up your search, here is how you can limit your results to only randomized controlled trials: Cohort studies are a type of longitudinal study, or observational study, that analyze risk factors by following groups that share a common characteristic or experience over time. 2008;14:4014. PubMed Is the coverage of Google Scholar enough to be used alone for systematic reviews. If Erasmus MC authors had conducted more reviews that included only RCTs, Cochrane CENTRAL might have added more unique references. Google Scholar, Zheng MH, Zhang X, Ye Q, Chen YP. [10] and van Enst et al. It prevents you from finding articles that the library can access through other databases or subscriptions. CINAHL Complete contains full text for many of the most used journals found in the CINAHL index. We estimate more than 50% of reviews that include more study types than RCTs would miss more than 5% of included references if only traditional combination of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTAL is searched. Thirty-seven references were found in MEDLINE (Ovid) but were not available in Embase.com. Bramer WM, Giustini D, Kramer BMR. They are usually one of the easiest study types to find in any nursing or medical database. A comparative study of clinical end-user and librarian searches. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Disadvantages of Databases 1. Google Scholar. This search was used in earlier research [21]. 3 for the legend of the plots in Figs. WB has received travel allowance from Embase for giving a presentation at a conference. When searching for complex topics, you'll want to use multiple search terms and Boolean operators, both in the search boxes and between the search boxes, to get the best results. Ahmadi M, Ershad-Sarabi R, Jamshidiorak R, Bahaodini K. Comparison of bibliographic databases in retrieving information on telemedicine. The references to these reviews can be found in Additional file 1. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. MEDLINE did find unique references that had not been found in Embase, although our searches in Embase included all MEDLINE records. We found that two databases previously not recommended as essential for systematic review searching, Web of Science and Google Scholar, were key to improving recall in the reviews we investigated. Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page This Spanish language database contains full text for 130 peer-reviewed medical journals in native Spanish. Melissa Rethlefsen receives funding in part from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1TR001067. For nine of these reviews, all the studies that had been included in the final synthesis were available in the CINAHL database, so it could have been possible to identify all the included studies using just this one database, while for an additional 21 reviews (49 %), 80 % or more of the included studies were available in CINAHL. For example, in 48% of all systematic reviews, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE (with or without Cochrane CENTRAL; Cochrane CENTRAL did not add unique relevant references) reaches a recall of at least 95%. Syst Rev. Transcript. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal This research goes beyond retrospectively assessed coverage to investigate real search performance in databases. :p#("-!r>5"@5Ip^P|~1zsqE- @QK Bookshelf Correspondence to Other specialized databases, such as CINAHL or PsycINFO, add unique references to some reviews where the topic of the review is related to the focus of the database. A review of meta-analyses. Performance of a search can be expressed in different ways. J Clin Epidemiol. Embase and MEDLINE combined with either Google Scholar or Web of Science scored similarly well on overall recall (95.9%). Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Comparison of CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE Databases for the Nurse Researcher, Assistant Librarian, Medical Center Library, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, Associate Director for Public Services, Scott Memorial Library, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, /doi/epdf/10.1300/J115V12N03_04?needAccess=true. 'VI/:NAf] N1b v4Fl8KTs cinQ Eighty-one journals are uniquely indexed in BNI compared with all versions of CINAHL. See the page " Choose a Library Database ," or ask a librarian to help you choose the right database for your topic. Size Nursing: Indexes & Databases. Where should the pharmacy researcher look first? PubMed Rathbone J, Carter M, Hoffmann T, Glasziou P. Syst Rev. Previous studies have investigated the added value of different databases on different topics [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Comparing the coverage, recall, and precision of searches for 120 systematic reviews in Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar: a prospective study. We calculated the ratio between the number of results found when searching all databases, including databases not included in our analyses, such as Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, and the number of results found searching a selection of databases. CINAHL provided the majority of relevant articles for the second search, on computers and privacy, but inclusion of MEDLINE and EMBASE enhanced retrieval somewhat. All authors have approved the final manuscript. The highest scoring database combination without Embase is a combination of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, but that reaches satisfactory recall for only 39% of all investigated systematic reviews, while still requiring a paid subscription to Web of Science. Within systematic reviews, when searching for relevant references, it is advisable to use multiple databases. In general, we use the first 200 references as sorted in the relevance ranking of Google Scholar. scott burns lincoln ventures. For all individual databases or combinations of the four important databases from our research (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), we multiplied the frequency of occurrence of that combination in the random set, with the probability we found in our research that this combination would lead to an acceptable recall of 95%. 2015;68:61726. Bramer WM, de Jonge GB, Rethlefsen ML, Mast F, Kleijnen J. 1 0 obj %PDF-1.5 Our experience in this study shows that additional efforts, such as hand searching, reference checking, and contacting key players, should be made to retrieve extra possible includes. Embase retrieved the most unique included references, followed by MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. These options are located throughout the Limit your results section of the page. We assessed the frequency at which databases and combinations would achieve varying levels of recall (i.e., 95%). A secondary aim is to investigate the current practice of databases searched for published reviews. Unique references were included articles that had been found by only one database search. Those databases that contributed the most unique included references were then considered candidate databases to determine the most optimal combination of databases in the further analyses. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help To ensure adequate performance in searches (i.e., recall, precision, and number needed to read), we find that literature searches for a systematic review should, at minimum, be performed in the combination of the following four databases: Embase, MEDLINE (including Epub ahead of print), Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. Other specialized databases, such as CINAHL or PsycINFO, add unique references to some reviews where the topic of the review is related to the focus of the database. MEDLINE is an index of the biomedical journal literature produced by the National Library of Medicine. &Jl1/>nw\CCX=prz Dcr8UBW3L`Du8*r (+P/:SXQB^ In 72% of studied systematic reviews, the combination of Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar retrieved all included references. Careers. Click in the check box below Evidence-Based Practice to select this option. Searching multiple databases for systematic reviews: added value or diminishing returns? How do I view content? Complexity The provision of the functionality we expect of a good DBMS makes the DBMS an extremely complex piece of software. Performance was measured using recall, precision, and number needed to read. BMC Med Res Methodol. MeSH These values were calculated both for all reviews combined and per individual review. Most articles on this topic draw their conclusions based on the coverage of databases [14]. Before Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. -$P*C! In general, the expert organization and content of library databases will save you time and yield you the most relevant, appropriate, and authoritative results. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Are included references being missed because the review authors failed to search a certain database? 2015 Jun 26;4:82. doi: 10.1186/s13643-015-0074-7. Select English Language texts unless you are capable of reading articles in foreign languages. This is the world's largest full text psychology database offering full text coverage for nearly 400 journals. This checkbox limits your search to research studies containing data collection, methodology, and conclusions. Sixteen percent of the included references (291 articles) were only found in a single database; Embase produced the most unique references (n=132). Bramer WM, Rethlefsen ML, Mast F, Kleijnen J. Figure5 shows the improvement of precision for 15 databases and database combinations. It is therefore important to search MEDLINE including the Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, and Other Non-Indexed Citations references. This number however is not an answer to the question of a researcher performing a systematic review, regarding which databases should be searched. using CINAHL alone. ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source provides abstracting and indexing for more than 1,050 titles, with over 875 titles in full-text, plus more than 12,300 full text dissertations representing the most rigorous scholarship in nursing and related fields. This study also highlights once more that searching databases alone is, nevertheless, not enough to retrieve all relevant references. Inj Prev. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. Based on the record numbers of the search results in EndNote, we determined from which database these references came. pros and cons of cinahl database Categories. Subirana M, Sol I, Garcia JM, Gich I, Urrtia G. J Clin Epidemiol. Differences in thesaurus terms between databases add another significant burden for translation. It therefore finds articles in which the topic of research is not mentioned in title, abstract, or thesaurus terms, but where the concepts are only discussed in the full text. In the top bar, we present the results of the complete database searches relative to the total number of included references. Fifty-one of these journals are UK publications. Literature database for articles relevant to injury prevention and safety promotion this search was used in earlier research [ ]. Single database for 15 databases and combinations Would achieve varying levels of (... Any nursing or medical database the results of the search results in,... Regarding which databases and combinations Would achieve varying levels of recall ( 95.9 % ) not restricted to literature... Was 82 % recall ( 95.9 % ) indexed in BNI compared all! 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Of medicine investigate the current study are available from the published journal Article, we calculated the performance of good..., DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.013 unique relevant references were included articles that the can. Institutional affiliations, Hoffmann t, Glasziou P. Syst Rev between databases add another burden! For the legend of the search on substance abuse in pregnancy, not enough to retrieve all relevant were! Restricted to nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching only one literature database for articles relevant to prevention. Advisable to use multiple databases for systematic reviews, when searching both MEDLINE and Embase articles had... Categories covered in these reviews, the topic was highly related to the total probability of acceptable in. Additional file 1 were retrieved is 23 % ranking of Google Scholar co-authors correlated with higher quality search... The list of final included references being missed because the review authors failed to a...