Infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be transmitted from horses to humans and vice versa. STDs are preventable. The infection is most commonly seen in foals. Transmission: Since it lives in the soil, R. equi can be inhaled in dust on farms or enter the body through broken skin. Glanders disease is a contagious disease of horses, donkeys, and mules caused by infection with Burkholderia mallei. STDs or STIs can have a range of signs and symptoms, including no symptoms. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with Horses: Infection in horses can result in pus-forming lesions on the skin and respiratory infections. This bacterium is transmitted between species by infected body fluids (commonly urine) as well as contaminated water and soil, and it can enter the body through even minor skin lesions. jQuery('.pum-overlay').on('pumInit', function() { Treatment and prevention: The antibiotic metronidazole is commonly used to treat giardiasis in both species. Isolate sick horses, use dedicated grooming supplies and equipment, and handle these horses last each day if possible. Contact and transmission: Barn workers, stable personnel and equine competitiors are potentially at risk for various horse-to-human diseases. Accessed June 24, 2021. Writing in the 1940s, famed sexual researcher Alfred Kinsey estimated that 8% of men and 3.6% of women had engaged in some sort of sexual act with an animal. Many women remain asymptomatic. High-risk strains are those that can cause abnormal changes in cells ( dysplasia) that can lead to cancer. All rights reserved. If not fully vaccinated at ages 11 and 12, the CDC recommends getting the vaccine through age 26. Symptoms include fever, anorexia, headache, backache, joint pain, and weight loss. Most horses die of cardio-respiratory failure within 2-5 days, but it can take up to 2 weeks in some cases. In horses, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to alleviate pain, and gastrointestinal protectants such as bio-sponge or activated charcoal may bind the bacterial toxin. Some STDs, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, are spread mainly by sexual contact. All horses imported to the United States are tested for glanders to prevent introduction of the disease. In rare cases of survivors, severe neurological disorders may result. Estimates of prevalence vary, but by any estimation the numbers are still substantial. Veterinarians are one of the most at-risk populations for equine-human disease transmission. 2021 STI Treatment Guidelines Special Populations. In humans, a combination of antibiotics may be used to treat the infection, with surgical intervention to drain large abscesses in some cases. These diseases, their clinical signs and advice are discussed in this brochure. Stay up-to-date on the latest news about your horse's health with FREE newsletters from TheHorse.com. WebBacterial, viral and protozoal infections may cause severe reproductive losses. Humans: In humans, leptospirosis causes flulike symptoms, including abdominal pain, high fever, chills, vomiting, and jaundice, but neurologic, respiratory, cardiac, and ocular issues can occur. Photo: Clix Photography. All rights reserved. Point-of-care testing for sexually transmitted infections: A review of recent developments. Brucellosis causes painful swelling at the base of the neck and sides of the withers, and eventually at the top of the animals head, traditionally called poll evil. Photo: Wikimedia. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/. Although equine practitioners are familiar with many zoonotic diseases in horses, they might not be as aware of the clinical picture of these maladies in humans. Foals are frequently infected but often do not show clinical signs. Unfortunately, foals often do not begin to show signs until the disease has become severe. They can also spread through other intimate, skin-to-skin contact. 2019; doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2019.02.002. The stallion is a carrier only; it does not affect him, but he passes the bacterconsole.log('scenario 2');jQuery(document).on('ready', function($) {jQuery('#pum-60448').popmake('getContainer').removeClass('preventOpen').removeClass('active');});#pum-60448{display:none!important;} Yes, but the good news is that direct horse-to-human disease transmission is rare. Treatment and prevention: Antibiotics are used to treat cases of glanders in people. WebInfection with E. coli O157:H7 and other Shiga-toxin producing E. coli can cause diarrhea and in some cases a severe complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is more likely to occur in young children and the elderly. Every horse person needs to know about zoonotic diseases (an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans) for their own safety as well as that of their families Adamson PC, et al. Equine Nutrition FAQ Series, sponsored by Purina Animal Nutrition. Although vaccines are available for some livestock species in some countries, there are currently no equine or human vesicular stomatitis vaccines. Most often, this organism is passed from one horse to another All those who spend time around horses should take precautions against the following conditions that are commonly transmitted from horses to humans: Dermatophilosis is caused by the bacteria Dermatophilus congolensis, which enter the body through an open wound such as a skin abrasion, laceration, or insect bite site. Although the incidence of rabies in both horses (45 to 50 cases annually in the United Humans: Similar to horses, humans often develop a scaly, reddened, circular rash. Hendra virus is a paramyxovirus first isolated in 1994 from an outbreak of respiratory and neurologic disease in horses and humans in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane, Australia. Isolate sick horses, use dedicated grooming supplies and equipment, and handle these horses last each day if possible. 2023 MJH Life Sciences and dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care. Ringworm on a human leg, with mildly raised border and central clearing. A vet wont be able to fix Humans: In humans, anthrax may be cutaneous, inhalational, or gastrointestinal. For those with compromised immune systems or severe infections, anti-parasitic drugs (such as nitazoxanide) and anti-motility agents (such as loperamide) can help relieve diarrhea. Treatment and prevention: Antibiotics may be used to treat infected individuals. Equine Regenerative Therapies for Managing Arthritis in Horses, Infographic | 12 Smart At-Home Biosecurity Practices for Horse Owners, Infographic | How To Keep Your Horses Joints Healthy. Fever, loss of appetite, inflammation of the small intestine (enteritis), colic, and bloody diarrhea can occur if the horse ingests the bacteria. This content does not have an English version. Infected equipment, tack and clothing can also transmit the bacteria. Treatment and prevention: Antibiotics and anti-inflammatories are used to treat leptospirosis. Humans: Symptoms in humans resemble the flu and include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Although the incidence of rabies in both horses (45 to 50 cases annually in the United States) and humans is low, it is highly fatal, and clinical signs in horses may be quite variable, making it difficult to diagnose. The stud owner insists on a bacterial culture of your mares uterus prior to live breeding to reduce the chances of her passing any sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) she might have, Posted by Marcia King | Oct 1, 2002 | Article, Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM), Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA), Pseudomonas. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of related viruses. FDA approves second drug to prevent HIV infection as part of ongoing efforts to end the HIV epidemic. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Your doctor will prescribe these drugs for HIV prevention only if you don't already have HIV. Although a human vaccine is available, vaccination is not recommended for the average person since the vaccine is not easily accessible and the risk of infection is considered low in the United States. Transmission: The virus is found in the saliva of animals. McGraw Hill; 2020. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. The cutaneous form is the most common (and the type that can be transmitted from horses). Leptospirosis in horses commonly causes uveitis and can also result in abortions and renal disease. HPV 6 and 11 are are responsible for around 90% of all genital warts. Copyright The Regents of the University of California, Davis campus. Both infections can, if not recognized and treated with antibiotics, become systemic and result in death. With some STDs, the stallion is merely a carrier and exhibits no clinical signs of Both vaccines are recommended for people who aren't already immune to these diseases and for those who are at increased risk of infection, such as men who have sex with men and IV drug users. }); TheHorse.com is home to thousands of free articles about horse health care. Consider that co-mingling of horses and livestock can spread infections. Consider using preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Treatment and prevention: Antibiotics can be used to treat the infection in horses, but they can also result in potentially serious side effects. https://ceh.vetmed.ucdavis.edu, Canadas Wild Horses - An Uncertain Future, Pony Club - Incubating Canadas High-Performance Riders, The Wild West: Navigating Canadas Unregulated Horse Industry. This content does not have an Arabic version. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. It can also infect the urethra in a penis. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Sexually transmitted diseases. Humans: Symptoms in humans include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, and weight loss. Treatment and prevention: In humans, most cases resolve even without treatment. Anyone who is sexually active risks some degree of exposure to an STD or STI. Good hygiene control measures are crucial when veterinarians are working on cases involving diarrhea in horses. EGE causes elevated temperature, depression, jaundice, limb swelling, ataxia and blood abnormalities. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/hpv/hcp/recommendations.html. Accessed June 25, 2021. This dog is in late-stage paralytic rabies, and appears depressed, lethargic, and uncoordinated, and will gradually become completely paralyzed. Humans: In humans, ingestion of the parasite can cause watery diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and weight loss. include protected health information. Glanders is considered a foreign animal disease that is not currently present in the United States. Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly. Sometimes these infections can be transmitted nonsexually, such as from mothers to their infants during pregnancy or childbirth, or through blood transfusions or shared needles. People who are infected can become hyperexcitable or suffer from generalized paralysis, and death occurs within two to ten days. // }, 0); // half Second Brucellosis occasionally occurs in horses. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Chlamydia is the most common curable bacterial STI. Postmortem examination of infected horses puts veterinarians at risk of direct disease transmission through infected blood and cerebrospinal fluid, so always take appropriate protective measures. Clinical signs may include wounds or surgical sites that discharge pus and fail to heal. Transmission: Transmission to humans can occur through direct contact with the lesions or saliva of infected horses. Horses: Vesicular stomatitis results in lesions and blisters on the tongue, mouth, nose, and lips of horses. For cases in which anthrax is introduced via insect bite, clinical signs include swelling at the site of the bite, and on the neck, chest, belly, and genitals. The hepatitis B vaccine is usually given to newborns, and the hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for 1-year-olds. Go to Full Text of this Article Free }); The globalization of the equine market makes disease transmission across continents, including the Hendra virus, a more serious threat. Often, no evidence of a bite or recent wound is present, and many neurologic diseases exhibit similar signs, further confusing a diagnosis. 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