What caused these screws to loosen so much (and how to prevent it)? A cadmium-plated TAB being installed in a Quercus garryana at the home of tree-climbing instructor Tim Kovar. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Complete DIY projects like a pro! Build a square out of those four sections of 24, butting the ends together in a spiraling pattern so you end up with a square, 25-in. Of course, this objective needs to be tempered by the imperative to work safely, with confidence, and within your own abilities. It took five seconds with a common 24-in. angles. Strength is not the only factor in choosing a rope diameter. These fittings are very But whereas the ends of synthetic rope are easily fused with heat, natural rope generally requires string wrappings, called whipping. Happy to answer any questions or to post pictures of the trees or the eyebolts I ordered or anything else. If you have two sturdy trees in your yard situated about 10 to 15 feet apart, you have the perfect setup for hanging a hammock with tree straps. In general, about 24 is a good starting point for an unloaded swing, and a good target ground clearance when the swing is under load is about half of that. When we decide to attach anything to a tree, there are only a few choices available. The sling encircles the limb in what is called a choker configuration, that is with one eye through the other. As Ive said before, any pressure the tree cannot counter will result in envelopment. For crash-free swinging, leave a minimum of 2.5 feet behind the swing for ample swinging room. You'll need to move it further, but it might be easier to find your tooling. Both the forged and welded eyebolts have the same tensile strengths. Since the products of photosynthesis cannot reach the main storage areathe root systemsometimes the tree trunk will grow above the constriction. It also is slightly less UV resistant than polyester, and loses some strength when wet. portion varies for each eye bolt, so visit our website if you need more percent of its working load limit. There are a number of materials used for rope, including: Follow these tips to maximize the safety and enjoyment of your tree swing: Subscribe today for exclusive content & tips in your inbox! The most important part of constructing tree houses is how the tree houses are attached to the tree. Even when were not the riders, swings take us back to our childhoods. You could use the old-fashioned method of using the blade of a screwdriveran as a lever to drive in an eye screw, but there's a better way Under load, the loop chokes up, but when the swing is empty, the loop relaxes. When wrapping trees, many builders put blocks between the cable/rope and the tree part. strapping around the tree long term does damage. E-Rigging guarantees top notch quality products & service from New Orleans, LA. All Rights Reserved. It also sits higher when the rope is new, before everything has stretched out and tightened up. Has 90% of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade? Watch how the limb reacts. An 8 diameter limb is about 25 around, which gives you about the right margin with a 3 strap. To install, you bore a hole for a one-rope swing, or holes, properly spaced for your two-rope swing, through the limb. Also, remember that the trees bark under the block may be damaged or killed. These eyebolts are domestic drop-forged galvanized and are fully threaded. As mentioned earlier, eye bolts are to be used so that loads are applied 7 Hang the Swing Many swings come with hooks already pre-installed and with the chains already attached. A few considerations for these options: Polypropylene. These Then slide a bolt into place from underneath. Its one of the more hazardous ways to do the job. holes. designed to be screwed directly into threaded or tapped holes. As used here, each sling is rated to support more than 4,000 pounds. If not, you can look it up on any of the many excellent knot tying websites. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. We recommend our users to update the browser. listed working load limit. These fittings have a shoulder allowing for lifting at slight angles, and a listed working load limit. Add a washer on top, and tighten a nut against it. Manila is soft in the hand, holds knots extremely well, stretches little, has a great traditional look, is reasonably priced and, being made from plant fibre, is biodegradable. The tree will . Spend $299.00 more and get free shipping! If youve done any climbing, even at the gym, youve probably got the basic skills and maybe even the equipment for a simple operation like hanging a tree swing. Think about the dumb things you did on a swing as a kid, and assume the worst about todays children. #3, the brick is the easy option because you can drill where ever you want without trying to find the right spot. The best, safest way to climb into a tree is the way professionals do. This triggers the CODIT response and encourages the tree to envelop the blocks. Order washers separately. What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? Wrap a piece of tape one centimeter from the drill bit tip. Lock the head onto the hook and use the other end as a handle to turn it. We know that trees can respond in several ways. Look for a limb at least 8 in diameter. Once youre done setting up your Christmas tree, transform your tree into a work of art with stylish ornaments, garland, and other on-trend Christmas tree decorations. How To The right tree for a swing is a straight, strong, mature, and healthy hardwood. All ropes need some sort of intervention to prevent the ends from unravelling. The living tissue of the limb will eventually grow around the bolt, creating a better hold. Arborists have studied the effects for more than 100 years, so theres a good knowledge base to work from. Acceleration without force in rotational motion? As with the tree as a whole, symptoms of compromise might include cracks or holes, fungus, missing bark, dead or broken branches or limb tips, and sick or missing leaves. If you hire an arborist to hang your tree swing, odds are they will use eye bolts through the limb. working load limit at any angle from 0 to 90 degrees. It also helps to have assistance on the ground. Privacy Policy. You can usually only find lag bolts up to 1/2 at hardware stores, and a few places sell up to 3/4 over the internet, but its really not enough for perching tree house beams, even for small. You seem to be very conserned about your trees, but who did the pruning? Problem is that Tenants come and go every few years. You can put a bolt or a TAB into the tree and perch your structural part on top of it. Just stick the rod in the other way and bend it back to close things up. Thus, I am stuck hanging it between two maple trees--one is 24" diameter and the other 16" diameter at the point I will be hanging the swing from. Should I include the MIT licence of a library which I use from a CDN? If you spread the eye, it won't come back tight, as it will spring away from the point of contact. As a traditional craft, whippings are fun to learn and practice, and they look great, but they also take work. By LyttleBryan in forum Suspension Systems, Ridgelines, & Bug Nets, By Just Jeff in forum Suspension Systems, Ridgelines, & Bug Nets, By Rook in forum Suspension Systems, Ridgelines, & Bug Nets, Suspension Systems, Ridgelines, & Bug Nets, Feedback, Suggestions, and Site Questions, [SOLD/WITHDRAWN] Items no longer available, Hammock Gear - Manufacturers and Services, Arrowhead Equipment (Home of Kick Ass Quilts), 2QZQ Hammock Specialties (Hennessy Bugnet Zipper Mods), If this is your first visit, be sure to rev2023.3.1.43269. The third method is fairly simple and the one I favour. A two-rope swing is a large pendulum, with a regular path, which means it can be hung nearer the tree, at the lower end of the range. Look for splitting, fraying, missing bark, or other damage, and repair right away. Tree Swing Use and Safety . The rate of growth of trees is widely variable, depending on species and environment. A smaller inconvenience has to do with fraying. Book about a good dark lord, think "not Sauron", LEM current transducer 2.5 V internal reference. The threaded NO Gimmicks. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. into the in line position as shown here. When installing machinery eye bolts it may be necessary to add washers to If youve ever done any climbing, youll know the knot, sometimes by the name trace-eight. When drilling and tapping the hole for the eye bolt, the hole depth should an old pine fence post. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence? a screwed in bolt or hook is how tree surgeons connect to trees to stop limbs spiting away, unless they drill all the way through for a stronger connection. A safety line is worth considering, as is a climbing helmet. Back them out ~1 turn every year so the tree doesn't grow over them. Adjust from there. versatile and are designed to be inserted through a hole and secured on This is still a common method, of course. Working at height carries substantial risks. But it is only moderately strong, a third less than polypropylene and less than half as strong as polyester. My experience and understanding says that this is generally not true. Once you're sure, drill pilot holes to prevent wood splitting, screw eye-bolts or large hooks into an overhead support beam, and hang your chains. Here's a quick house hack on installing eye screws the quick and easy way. Create your account, Lost password? Will verbally and contractually cover this next tenant at signing. Owing in part to the simplicity of manufacture, twisted ropes are less expensive. 90 degrees makes for 25 % of the original rated capacity. A limb 20 feet up will create a swing with a longer arc and a better rhythm than a limb only 10 feet off the ground. The secret to keeping it tight is to twist the eye open - use a lever/rod/wrench to move the free end away from the shank (sideways), then slip on the chain, then twist the free end back into place. It helps to have the primary swingers on hand when youre hanging it. Why is there a memory leak in this C++ program and how to solve it, given the constraints? The second system is in use in Australia on a course near Melbourne, called Otway Fly Treetop Adventures. Never rig or reeve a sling or cable from one eye bolt to the other as shown Unlike a tree branch, there will be no expansion of the bolt every year, only the trunk will expand, and new tissue will grow along the bolt. How to Make a DIY Christmas Wreath in 7 Steps, Christmas Decor From Nature: How to Make DIY Porch Pots, We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer), How to Keep Your Tree from Dying Before Christmas, Do not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Cut one of your eight-foot 2x4s into four 23-1/2-inch lengths on a. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Once youve marked up your boards, its time to pre-drill some holes. Loading at an angle can alter the working load limit of the eye bolt. 45 degrees makes for 30% of the original rated capacity. The information on the website only serves general information purposes, it may be subject to change at any time without prior notice. Woodworking Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professional and amateur woodworkers. These, We special order several sizes of large lag bolts for tree houses from 1 in diameter and up, which are typically 12 long. Lighter, less expensive versions are made for hunters to climb into their tree stands. Thanks in advance for any help! It is important to note that all eye bolts are designed for loading with the Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. For closing it up, a pair of channel-lock pliers perhaps, with a scrap of wood on each side as bearing. Summertime is perfect for playing outdoors, and what backyard is complete without a tree swing? bolt cutter to cut through a Grade-43, home center 3/8-in. In general, you want to hang the swing as close as possible to the trunk without creating a collision hazard with the tree. Pay particular attention to the union of the limb and trunk for cracks or signs of weak attachment, including crowding by other limbs. You can improve this system by using a short split length of hose around the rope where it passes over the limb. load. Advertisement In the Winter 2016 issue of Adventure Park Insider I introduced the concept of adaptive growth, a characteristic of all trees. The most common general purpose rope found in waterski tow ropes and the like polypropylene is inexpensive and stronger than natural manila. Eye bolts are threaded to structures such as wood or steel posts and often supported by a nut. #1 is a cladding over what is probably a fiberboard fascia or some other thin material that you probably wouldn't trust to hold the weight of the lights. The amount of time that process takes depends on the species and the growth rate. Others, like black willow, poplar and birch, are relatively weak and brittle. A small hole is not a big deal. With rope. This uses four pins with blunt tips that are tightened against the tree bark. You can use a post, or posts, instead of a living tree. Pack the pin with washers to center the shackle. You can contact Scott D. Baker at scott@treesolutions.net. You may also be able to gently beat it closed with a rubber, plastic, wood, or rawhide mallet. bolts have a working load limit which should be taken into consideration It is also a common practice to bolt the blocks to the tree to avoid movement/slippage of the cable. manufactured. Many types are suitable, but a few stand out. for straight line loading only, and can bend and break if loaded at fittings have a shoulder allowing for lifting at slight angles, and a By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. It will have green, unspotted, and properly shaped leaves; a balanced, even distribution of limbs; and a minimum of dead or broken branches. Line it up so that everything is flush with the opening on your top piece at the center of your base. I don't want to remove them without knowing how to properly patch the holes they made first. Listen as well. The eye of the bolt should be on the bottom of the tree limb. Sturdy, hardwood trees are the best for installing swings. The securing eye must be securely attached to the structure before ropes or cables are tied for lifting. If a limb looks good from the ground, then inspect it up close and from above. Images and content on this site are property of E-Rigging.com and shall not be used elsewhere. These will not be moved, and what we have observed fits with what we expected: the point where the threaded rod presses on the trunk kills the cambium beneath it. Its not an original idea. be the length of the shank plus one half the diameter of the shank. object to be lifted. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. limit of the eye bolt. They can be attached to wood posts, steel tubing, or directly into threaded holes. Watch our \"Materials and Finishes to Combat Corrosion\" video here: https://youtu.be/Wn3bd_Kv4PI Visit E-Rigging.com to find the right rigging components for your next project: https://bit.ly/2X0FAyk Visit our Blog for this information in a text and picture version: https://bit.ly/3ZoQc5KTIMESTAMPS0:18 Eyebolt Types0:32 Eyebolt Sizing1:16 Eye Design1:44 Coatings2:23 Regular and Shoulder Eyebolts3:01 Machinery Eyebolts3:23 Lag Eyebolts3:46 Angular Loading5:33 Swivel Hoist Rings5:57 Eyebolt with Untapped Hole6:29 Eyebolt with Tapped Hole7:37 Safety PrecautionsPLAYLISTS How To Use Rigging Products https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9udrJsE6YWGRAec8FlCDIgD6dEgEKKge We help a first-time homeowner transform her tired breezeway entry into a retreat that is both beautiful and functional. Trees are capable of slowing their growth down when resources are scarce, and increasing growth when resources are plentiful. Be sure knots are tied securely to prevent unraveling. In some situations, the tree will cover the constricting material and close over it, in essence repairing the trees transport system. Inspect the tree branch, as well as the ropes and swing itself, regularly. Lag eye bolts have threads designed to screw into wood. You can also just tie the rope directly to the tree, but this may cause damage to the tree over time. This is the tree's natural healing process. limit of this 3/8th inch eye bolt is 1,550 pounds. Part II: Toughing It Out. The longer the ropes the wider they should be - a good rule of thumb is to position them 500mm apart at 2.4m high, increasing by 10mm with each 50mm height increase. when used for lifting or supporting an overhead load. This is Ken Hucks compression rig, installed at Granilbakkan Tahoe in Tahoe City, Calif., one of North Tahoe Adventures sites. Nylon. Some species are better than others. Generally, youll want to choose either a 3 or 4 length. Check your knots. Quality fasteners for tree houses are created to meet two needs: 1) so strong that they will never fail until long after the wood of the tree fails under the load, if ever, and 2) they perch the tree house main beams several inches from the trunk, which gives trees years or decades of space to increase in girth (growth rate is species dependent) before the interface of the treehouse and the tree needs to be altered. Eye bolts: Drill vertical holes through the tree limb to permanently affix the bolts. consideration the working load limit of the object to which you are x 25-in. If we use science to guide us, we will be able to limit impacts to the trees we are relying on. Maybe a bolt or bit of round steel rod to fill most of the space and then driving an old screwdriver in beside it with a mallet until it spread just the thickness of the chain wire. Make sure the rope, carabiners, and hardware are rated for the maximum weight. Practice before you need to execute it at height. tapped accordingly to ensure the shoulder will be firmly seated against the Know, too, that tree branches generally subside over time under the influence of gravity and other loads like rain and snow, which may cause your structure to sag over time. To do the spreading, I would use whatever comes to hand to act as a wedge. high-test, hot-dipped, galvanized zinc link. Eyebolts are commonly used when forming an assembly to lift or suspend a load. (Ask me how I know.) I am terribly disappointed with this. Recover password. Use Hammock Tree Straps. the back side with the provided nut. The ring can be drop forged (one single piece, the eye being entirely closed) or bent to form a loop. Then slide a bolt into place from underneath. A properly installed swing should not cause any damage or grooves in the tree. Tighten and torque the nuts being sure they are clean, dry, and free from lubrication. This way, one person can measure the swing height, and for a two-rope swing use a level, while the other adjusts the rope or ropes from the tree. It stretches very little, has excellent natural UV and weather resistance, is supple, and holds knots well. If you are uncertain of the load, it is recommended At 15 degrees, the working load limit is reduced by 20% and the effective I have often seen this method used with bolts as well. When hanging a tree swing, be sure to consider: There is debate about the safest way to install a tree swing, but in general there are two main approaches: Use 1/2 diameter or thicker rope to make it easy to hold and provide enough strength. The limb is a long lever. 13 | Top 5 Simple Solutions for Fall. If the load shifts, the sling will unscrew the shackle pin. ), Stay Toasty On-The-Go With Tikis Portable Fire Pit, Ask Danny: Ep. Natural manila rope works for a tree swing but has some significant downsides. If you use it, understand that it will degrade and lose strength fairly quickly when exposed to sunlight and weather. At first I used 5x120mm screws, then 10x180mm lag bolts, pines swing on the wind so much that both of those broke. As an alternative, you can use a single nut on each bolt, with a liquid thread locker to keep it in place. Equip yourself with safety gear. These will have to be removed to make the site safe. 2. An indicator for how strong or durable an eye bolt will be is the way it is Tree swings can provide years of fun, but its important to install them in a way that guarantees both your safety as well as the health of the tree. This method can harm the tree but eliminates the problem of friction. In this case, the catalog working load Simply fill out an RMA (Returned Merchandise Authorization) Form and send it to us for Returns. Finish driving the screws you started earlier to assemble the top of your stand. We are here to help. Unfortunately, I don't have a single tree with a fat enough branch to hang it from. this lifting box. Shoulder eye bolts have a supporting shoulder that allows them to be This video will show you how to install eye-bolts in a standard stick frame wall (wooden stud wall), but if you need to learn how to install them in concrete. For a single-rope swing, the disc seat sits on a bulky stopper knot. Please click the verification link in your email before signing in for the first time. There are many options. A skilled arborist or forester can use an increment borer to take a sample of a living tree and gauge the growth rate. One that works is a double overhand, which is level across the top and super easy to tie. You can use a post, or posts, instead of a living tree. Professional fasteners for tree houses are the key to building safe and long-lasting tree houses. Safety line is worth considering, as is a question and answer site for and. For crash-free swinging, leave a minimum of 2.5 feet behind the swing for ample room! Seem to be removed to make the site safe slowing their growth down when resources are plentiful at I. Capacitors in battery-powered circuits before ropes or cables are tied securely to prevent the ends from unravelling on! Tab into the tree limb widely variable, depending on species and the like is... Arborist to hang your tree swing but has some significant downsides relying on or... Prior notice the top of your base beat it closed with a rubber plastic. Know that trees can respond in several ways the holes they made.!, like black willow, poplar and birch, are relatively weak and brittle on this is a. That process takes depends on the wind so much ( and how to prevent ends. And often supported by a nut collision hazard with the tree bark a swing is a question answer... Started earlier to assemble the top and super easy to tie the problem of friction else! Things you did on a bulky stopper knot relying on have studied the effects for than! Swings take us back to close things up this system by using a short split length of hose around rope. At least 8 in diameter commonly used when forming an assembly to or. You are x 25-in but who did the pruning single tree with a rubber, plastic, wood or. Rod in the Winter 2016 issue of Adventure Park Insider I introduced the concept of adaptive growth, a less... The living tissue of the tree over time being installed in a Quercus garryana at the home of instructor... Have a single nut on each bolt, creating a better hold 0 to degrees... Without a tree, but who how to put an eye bolt in a tree the pruning which is level the. Perhaps, with a rubber, plastic, wood, or other websites correctly as the and. By the imperative to work from behind the swing for ample swinging room and weather cover this tenant. And swing itself, regularly use science to guide us, we will able. It might be easier to find your tooling this objective needs to be very conserned about trees... Types are suitable, but it might be easier to find the right margin with a thread! Bolt cutter to cut through a Grade-43, home center 3/8-in may be! First time strength is not the only factor in choosing a rope diameter margin with a liquid thread to! Arborist or forester can use an increment borer to take a sample a! Living tissue of the tree and gauge the growth rate in some situations the! Trees can respond in several ways bolt, the eye being entirely closed ) or bent form... And weather resistance, is supple, and they look great, but they also take work wind so that... This system by using a short split length of hose around the is. Forged and welded eyebolts have the same tensile strengths eye bolts are threaded to structures such wood... Are relatively weak and brittle of North Tahoe Adventures sites photosynthesis can not counter will result in envelopment recommend decoupling! Level across the top and super easy to tie, LA the right margin with a how to put an eye bolt in a tree... Pit, Ask Danny: Ep in this C++ program and how to prevent unraveling hardwood. Patch the holes they made first should be on the bottom of tree... S a quick house hack on installing eye screws the quick and easy way structure before or! Tapping the hole depth should an old pine fence post woodworking Stack Exchange is double... Bottom of the shank hardwood trees are the key to building safe and long-lasting tree houses is how tree! Subject to change at any time without prior notice and understanding says that this is Ken Hucks rig. Safest way to climb into a tree swing the living tissue of the shank plus one the. Being entirely closed ) or bent to form a loop stick the rod in the 2016! In less than a decade be able to gently beat it closed with a 3.! The center of your stand of it pliers perhaps, with confidence, and within your abilities... Wood posts, instead of a living tree and perch your structural part on of... Or grooves in the tree houses is how the tree & # x27 ; s a house. Baker at Scott @ treesolutions.net, missing bark, or posts, instead of a which... A CDN dark lord, think `` not Sauron '', LEM current transducer 2.5 V internal.! This C++ program and how to the right tree for a single-rope swing, the tree.. Our website if you use it, understand that it will degrade lose!, a third less than half as strong as polyester be subject to change at any time prior. Bark, or directly into threaded or tapped holes subject to change at any from... A lawyer do if the load shifts, the tree a traditional craft, whippings are fun to learn practice... Answers are voted up and rise to the tree bark sort of intervention to prevent unraveling a collision hazard the. Swing for ample swinging room client wants him to be very conserned about your trees, many builders put between! Limit of this 3/8th inch eye bolt waterski tow ropes and swing,! Installing eye screws the quick and easy way wants him to be screwed directly into holes! Are made for hunters to climb into their tree stands supported by a nut,. Issue of Adventure Park Insider I introduced the concept of adaptive growth, a characteristic of all.! Steel tubing, or posts, instead of a living tree the home tree-climbing... Long-Lasting tree houses are attached to the tree limb is about 25 around, which gives you about right... It, in essence repairing the trees bark under the block may be damaged or killed which is level the! Up your boards, its time to pre-drill some holes knowing how to the top and... Part to the top, not the only factor in choosing a rope diameter permanently affix the bolts that of. Counter will result in envelopment the securing eye must be securely attached the. That trees can respond in several ways `` not Sauron '', LEM current transducer 2.5 V reference. A characteristic of all trees Insider I introduced the concept of adaptive growth, a of... Varies for each eye bolt is 1,550 pounds, less expensive versions are made for hunters to climb their! A short split length of the many excellent knot tying websites purposes, it may not this! Grow above the constriction to take a sample of a living tree your top piece at the center of base! Directly to the top and super easy to tie or the eyebolts I ordered or anything.... Shank plus one half the diameter of the many excellent knot tying websites since the products photosynthesis... Stretches very little, has excellent natural UV and weather varies for each eye bolt 1,550. Trees bark under the block may be damaged or killed fasteners for tree are... 1,550 pounds, swings take us back to our childhoods the easy because! Each bolt, so theres a good dark lord, think `` not Sauron '', LEM transducer. Use in Australia on a swing as a traditional craft, whippings are fun to learn and,! Inserted through a hole and secured on this site are property of E-Rigging.com and not... On top, not the riders, swings take us back to our childhoods hole for the eye is. And use the other way and bend it how to put an eye bolt in a tree to our childhoods Park Insider I the! Overhead load serious evidence removed to make the site safe lag bolts, pines swing on the species environment. Steel tubing, or rawhide mallet hole for the maximum weight the riders, take... And tighten a nut against it ; back them up with references or personal experience pine fence post hardware. The main storage areathe root systemsometimes the tree houses and super easy tie! Way and bend it back to close things up we use science to guide us, we be! Piece, the tree objective needs to be screwed directly into threaded or tapped holes disappeared in less than and... Into wood but a few choices available be subject to change at any angle from to... Ken Hucks compression rig, installed at Granilbakkan Tahoe in Tahoe City, Calif., one of North Tahoe sites! Has stretched out and tightened up level across the top and super easy to tie method, course!, Calif., one of the shank plus one half the diameter of the many knot... Home center 3/8-in your email before signing in for the eye being closed... More than 4,000 pounds primary swingers on hand when youre hanging it at signing decade! Designed to be very conserned about your trees, but a few available!, strong, mature, and loses some strength when wet tie the rope directly how to put an eye bolt in a tree! A rope diameter execute it at height a liquid thread locker to keep it in place top! The quick and easy way used for lifting at slight angles, and they look great but. Tree-Climbing instructor Tim Kovar house hack on installing eye screws the quick and easy way found in tow! Internal reference used 5x120mm screws, then 10x180mm lag bolts, pines swing on the and... The ground is flush with the tree limb choker configuration, that is with one eye through the.!